A Correspondence

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## I

_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ ST. PETERSBURG, March 7, 1840.

MY DEAR MARYA ALEXANDROVNA!

I don't think I've ever written to you even once, and yet here I am writing now.... Have I chosen a strange time? This is what prompted me to it: _My cousin Theodore_ came to see me today, and--how shall I put it?--he informed me, in the strictest confidence (he never imparts anything in any other way), that he is in love with the daughter of some gentleman here, and this time he is determined to marry without fail, and that he has already taken the first step--he has declared his intentions! Naturally, I hastened to congratulate him on such a pleasant event for him; he has long needed a declaration... but inwardly, I confess, I was somewhat amazed. Although I knew that everything was over between you, yet it seemed to me.... In a word, I was amazed. I was preparing to go out visiting today, but I have stayed at home and intend to have a little chat with you.

If you do not care to listen to me, throw this letter into the fire immediately. I declare to you that I wish to be frank, although I feel that you have every right to consider me a decidedly intrusive man. Note, however, that I would not have taken pen in hand if I had not known that your sister is not with you: Theodore told me that she will be away all summer visiting your aunt, Madame B***. May God grant her all good things!

So, then, this is how it has all turned out.... But I shall not offer you my friendship, and so forth; in general, I avoid solemn speeches and "intimate" effusions. In beginning to write this letter, I have simply obeyed some momentary impulse: if any other feeling is hidden within me, let it remain hidden from sight for the present.

Nor shall I attempt to console you. In consoling others, people generally desire to rid themselves, as speedily as possible, of the unpleasant feeling of involuntary, self-conceited compassion.... I understand sincere, warm sympathy... but such sympathy is not to be got from everyone.... Please be angry with me.... If you are angry, you will probably read my epistle to the end.

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But what right do I have to write to you, to talk about my friendship, my feelings, about consolation? None whatsoever--positively, none whatsoever; and I am bound to admit that, and I rely solely on your kindness.

Do you know what the beginning of my letter resembles? This: a certain Mr. N. N. entered the drawing-room of a lady who was not in the least expecting him--who, perhaps, was expecting another man.... He divined that he had come at the wrong time, but there was nothing to be done.... He sat down, and began to talk.... God knows about what: poetry, the beauties of nature, the advantages of a good education... in a word, he talked the most frightful nonsense.... But in the meantime the first five minutes had elapsed; he sat on; the lady resigned herself to her fate, and lo! Mr. N. N. recovered himself, sighed, and began to converse--to the best of his ability.

But, despite all this idle chatter, I feel somewhat awkward, nevertheless. I seem to see before me your perplexed, even somewhat angry face: I am conscious that it is almost impossible for you not to assume that I have some secret intentions or other, and therefore, having perpetrated a piece of folly, like a Roman I wrap myself in my toga and await in silence your ultimate condemnation....

But, in particular: Will you permit me to continue to write to you?

I remain sincerely and cordially your devoted servant-- ALEXYÉI S***.

## II

_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, March 22, 1840.

DEAR SIR!

Alexyéi Petróvitch!

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I have received your letter, and really, I do not know what to say to you. I would even not have answered you at all had it not seemed to me that beneath your jests was concealed a decidedly friendly sentiment. Your letter has produced an unpleasant impression on me. In reply to your "idle chatter," as you put it, permit me also to propound to you one question: To what end? What have you to do with me, what have I to do with you? I do not assume any evil intentions on your part,... on the contrary, I am grateful to you for your sympathy,... but we are strangers to each other, and I now, at all events, feel not the slightest desire to become intimate with any one whatsoever.

With sincere respects I remain, and so forth, MÁRYA B***.

## III

_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ ST. PETERSBURG, March 30.

I thank you, Marya Alexandrovna, I thank you for your note, curt as it is. All this time I have been in a state of great agitation; twenty times a day I have thought of you and of my letter. You can imagine how caustically I have laughed at myself; but now I am in a capital frame of mind, and am patting myself on the head. Marya Alexandrovna, I am entering into correspondence with you! Confess that you could not possibly have expected that after your reply; I am amazed at my own audacity... never mind! But calm yourself: I want to talk to you not about myself, but about you. Here, do you see: I find it imperatively necessary--to speak in antiquated style--to express myself to someone.

I have no right to select you for my confidante--I admit that; but hearken: I demand from you no reply to my epistles; I do not even wish to know whether you will peruse my "idle chatter," but do not send me back my letters, in the name of all that is holy!

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Listen--I am utterly alone on earth. In my youth I led a solitary life, although, I remember, I never pretended to be a Byron; but, in the first place, circumstances, in the second place, the ability to dream and a love for reverie, rather than cold blood, pride, indolence--in a word, a multitude of varied causes alienated me from the society of men. The transition from a dreamy to an active life was effected in me late... perhaps too late, perhaps to this day not completely. As long as my own thoughts and feelings diverted me, as long as I was capable of surrendering myself to causeless, silent raptures, and so forth, I did not complain of my isolation. I had no comrades--I did have so-called friends. Sometimes I needed their presence as an electrical machine needs a discharger--that was all. Love... we will be silent on that subject for the present.

But now, I confess, now loneliness weighs on me, and yet I see no escape from my situation. I do not blame Fate; I alone am to blame, and I am justly chastised. In my youth, only one thing interested me: my charming ego; I took my good-natured self-love for shyness; I shunned society, and lo! now I am frightfully bored with myself. What is to become of me? I love no one; all my friendships with other people are, somehow, strained and false; and I have no memories, because in all my past life, I find nothing except my own self. Save me! I have not made you enthusiastic vows of love; I have not deafened you with a torrent of chattering speeches; I have passed you by with considerable coldness, and precisely for that reason I have now resolved to turn to you. (I had thought of this even earlier, but you were not free then....)

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Out of all my self-made joys and sufferings, the sole genuine feeling was the small, but involuntary attraction to you, which withered then, like a solitary ear of grain amid worthless weeds.... Allow me, at least, to look into another face, another soul--my own face has grown repugnant to me; I am like a man who has been condemned to live out his entire life in a room with walls made of mirrors.... I do not demand any confessions from you--oh, heavens, no! Grant me the speechless sympathy of a sister, or at least the simple curiosity of a reader--I will interest you, really, I will.

At any rate, I have the honour to be your sincere friend, A. S.

## IV

_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ PETERSBURG, April 7th.

I am writing to you again, although I foresee that, without your approval, I shall soon be silent. I must admit that you cannot fail to feel a certain distrust of me. So what? Perhaps you are right. Formerly I would have declared to you (and, probably, would have believed my own words) that, since we parted, I had "developed," had advanced; with condescending, almost affectionate scorn I would have referred to my past; with touching boastfulness I would have initiated you into the secrets of my present, active life... but now, I assure you, Marya Alexandrovna, I consider it shameful and disgusting to allude to the way in which my vile self-love once upon a time fermented and amused itself. Fear not: I shall not force upon you any great truths, any profound views; I have none--none of those truths and views. I have become a nice fellow--truly I have. I am bored, Marya Alexandrovna--so bored that I can endure it no longer.

That is why I am writing to you.... Really, it seems to me that we can come to an agreement....

However, I am positively in no condition to talk to you until you stretch out your hand to me, until I receive from you a note with the single word "Yes."--Marya Alexandrovna, will you hear me out?--that is the question.

Yours truly, A. S.

## V

_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, April 14.

What a strange man you are! Well, then--"yes."

MÁRYA B***.

## VI

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_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ PETERSBURG, May 2, 1840.

Hurrah! Thanks, Marya Alexandrovna, thanks! You are a very kind and indulgent person.

I begin, as I promised, to talk about myself, and I shall speak with pleasure, verging on delight.... Precisely that. One may talk about everything in the world with fervour, with rapture, with enthusiasm, but only about oneself can one talk with appetite.

Listen: a very strange incident happened to me the other day: for the first time I took a glance at my past. You will understand me: each of us frequently recalls the past—with compunction or with vexation, or simply for lack of something to do; but only at a certain age can one cast a cold, clear glance at one’s entire past life—as a traveller, turning round, gazes from a lofty mountain on the plain he has traversed... and a secret chill grips a man’s heart when this happens to him for the first time. At any rate, my heart contracted with pain. As long as we are young, that sort of looking backward is impossible. But my youth is over—and, like the traveller on the mountain, everything has become clearly visible to me....

Yes, my youth is gone, gone irrevocably!... Here it lies before me, all of it, as though in the palm of my hand....

It is not a cheerful sight! I confess to you, Marya Alexandrovna, that I feel very sorry for myself. My God! My God! Is it possible that I myself have ruined my own life to such a degree, have so ruthlessly entangled and tortured myself?... Now I have come to my senses, but it is too late. Have you ever rescued a fly from a spider? You have? Do you remember, you placed it in the sunshine; its wings, its legs were stuck together, glued fast.... How awkwardly it moved, how clumsily it tried to clean itself!... After long-continued efforts, it got itself to rights, after a fashion; it crawled, it tried to put its wings in order... but it could not walk as it formerly did; it could not buzz, care-free, in the sunshine, now flying through an open window into a cool room, again fluttering freely out into the hot air.... It, at all events, did not fall into the dreadful net of its own free will... but I!

I was my own spider.

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And, nevertheless, I cannot blame myself so very much. Yes, and who--tell me, for mercy's sake--who ever was to blame for anything--alone? Or, to put it more accurately, we are all to blame, yet it is impossible to blame us. Circumstances settle our fate: they thrust us into this road or that, and then they punish us. Every man has his fate.... Wait, wait! There occurs to my mind on this score an artfully-constructed but just comparison. As clouds are first formed by the exhalations from the earth, rise up from its bosom, then separate themselves from it, withdraw from it, and bear over it either blessings or ruin, just so around each one of us and from us ourselves is formed--how shall I express it?--a sort of atmosphere which afterward acts destructively or salutarily on us ourselves. This I call Fate.... In other words, and to put it simply: each person makes his own fate, and it makes each person....

Each person makes his own fate--yes!... but our brethren make it far too much--which constitutes our calamity! Consciousness awakens in us too early; too early do we begin to observe ourselves.... We Russians have no other life-problem than the cultivation of our personality, and here we, barely adult children, already undertake to cultivate it, this our unhappy personality! Without having received from within any definite direction, in reality respecting nothing, believing firmly in nothing, we are free to make of ourselves whatsoever we will.... But it is impossible to demand of every man that he shall immediately comprehend the sterility of a mind "seething in empty activity"... and so, there is one more monster in the world, one more of those insignificant beings in whom the habits of self-love distort the very striving after truth, and ridiculous ingenuousness lives side byI'm not going to be able to help you with that.

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And yet--why calumniate oneself? Have we really never been young? Have the vital forces never sparkled, never seethed, never quivered within us? Yet we have been in Arcadia, and we have roved its bright meads!... Have you ever happened, while strolling among bushes, to come upon those dark-hued harvest-flies, which, springing out from under your very feet, suddenly expand their bright red wings with a clatter, flutter on for a few paces, and then tumble into the grass again? Just so did our dark youth sometimes expand its gaily-colored little wings for a few moments, and take a brief flight.... Do you remember our silent evening rambles, the four of us together, along the fence of your park, after some long, warm, animated conversation? Do you remember those gracious moments? Nature received us affectionately and majestically into her lap. We entered, with sinking hearts, into a sort of blissful rapture.

All around, the glow of sunset kindled with sudden and tender crimson; from the crimsoning sky, from the illuminated earth, from everywhere, it seemed as though the fresh and fiery breath of youth were wafted abroad, and the joyous triumph of some immortal happiness; the sunset glow blazed; like it, softly and passionately blazed our enraptured hearts, and the tiny leaves of the young trees quivered sensitively and confusedly above us, as though responding to the inward trembling of the indistinct feelings and anticipations within us. Do you remember that purity, that kindness and trustfulness of ideas, that emotion of noble hopes, that silence of plenitude? Can it be that we were not then worthy of something better than that to which life has led us?

Why have we been fated only at rare intervals to catch sight of the longed-for shore, and never to stand thereon with firm foothold, never to touch it-- Not to weep sweetly, like the first of the Jews on the borders of the Promised Land?

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These two lines by Fet[10] have reminded me of others—also by him.... Do you remember how one day, as we stood on the road, we beheld in the distance a cloud of rosy dust, raised by a light breeze, against the setting sun? "In a billowy cloud," you began, and we all fell silent at once, and set to listening: In a billowy cloud The dust rises in the distance.... Whether horseman or pedestrian—Cannot be discerned for the dust. I see someone galloping On a spirited steed.... My friend, my distant friend—Remember me!

You ceased.... All of us shuddered, as though the breath of love had flitted over our hearts, and each one of us—I am convinced of that—yearned inexpressibly to flee away into the distance, that unknown distance, where the apparition of bliss rises up and beckons athwart the mist. And yet, observe this odd thing: why should we reach out into the distance?—we thought. Were we not in love with each other? Was not happiness "so near, so possible"? And I immediately asked you: "Why have we not reached the shore we long for?" Because falsehood was walking hand in hand with us; because it was poisoning our best sentiments; because everything in us was artificial and strained; because we did not love each other at all, and only tried to love, imagined that we did love....

But enough, enough! Why irritate one's wounds? Moreover, all that is irrevocably past. That which was good in our past has touched me, and on this good I bid you farewell for the time being. And it is time to end this long letter. I will go and inhale the May air here, in which, through the stern fortress of winter, spring is forcing its way with a sort of moist and keen warmth. Farewell.

A. S.

## VII

_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, May 20, 1840.

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I have received your letter, Alexyéi Petróvitch, and do you know what feeling it aroused in me?--Indignation... yes, indignation... and I will immediately explain to you why it aroused precisely that feeling in me. One thing is a pity: I am not a mistress of the pen--I rarely write. I do not know how to express my thoughts accurately and in a few words; but you will, I hope, come to my aid. You yourself will try to understand me: if only for the sake of knowing why I am angry with you.

Tell me--you are a clever man--have you ever asked yourself what sort of a creature a Russian woman is? What is her fate, her position in the world--in short, what her life is like? I do not know whether you have ever had time to put that question to yourself; I cannot imagine how you would answer it.... I might, in conversation, be able to communicate to you my ideas on that subject, but I shall hardly manage it on paper. However, it makes no difference. This is the point: you surely will agree with me that we women--at all events, those of us who are not satisfied with the ordinary cares of domestic life--receive our final education, all the same, from you--from the men: you have a great and powerful influence on us. Look, now, at what you do with us. I shall speak of the young girls, especially of those who, like myself, dwell in the dull places, and there are many such in Russia.

Moreover, I do not know others, and cannot judge with regard to them. Figure to yourself such a young girl. Here, now, her education is finished; she is beginning to live, to amuse herself. But amusement alone is not enough for her. She demands a great deal from life; she reads, dreams... of love:--"Always of love alone!" you will say.... Let us assume that that word means a great deal to her. I will say again that I am not talking of the sort of girl who finds it burdensome and tiresome to think.... She looks about her, waits for the coming of him for whom her soul pines.... At last he makes his appearance: she is carried away; she is like soft wax in his hands.

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Everything--happiness, and love, and thought--everything has invaded her together with him, all at once; all her tremors are soothed, all her doubts are solved by him; truth itself seems to speak through his mouth; she worships him, she is ashamed of her happiness, she learns, she loves. Great is his power over her at this period!... If he were a hero, he would kindle her to flame, he would teach her to sacrifice herself, and all sacrifices would be easy to her! But there are no heroes in our day.... Nevertheless, he guides her whithersoever he will; she devotes herself to that which interests him, his every word sinks into her soul: at that time, she does not know, as yet, how insignificant and empty and false that word may be, how little it costs him who utters it, and how little faith it merits! These first moments of bliss and hope are followed, generally--according to circumstances--(circumstances are always to blame)--by parting.

It is said that there have been cases where two kindred souls, upon recognizing each other, have immediately united indissolubly; I have heard, too, that they are not always comfortable as a result.... But I will not speak of that which I have not myself beheld--yet the most petty sort of calculation, the most woeful prudence, may dwell in a young heart side by by side with the most passionate rapture--that is a fact which, unfortunately, I know from my own experience. So, then, parting comes.... Happy is that young girl who instantly recognizes that the end of all has come, who does not comfort herself with expectation! But you brave, just men, in the majority of cases, have neither the courage nor the desire to tell us the truth... you find it easier to deceive us.... I am ready to believe, however, that you deceive yourselves along with us.... Parting! It is both difficult and easy to endure parting.

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If only faith in him whom one loves were intact and unassailed, the soul would conquer the pain of parting.... I will say more: only when she is left alone does she learn the sweetness of solitude, not sterile but filled with memories and thoughts. Only then will she learn to know herself--will she come to herself, will she grow strong.... In the letters of the distant friend she will find a support for herself; in her own, perhaps, for the first time, she will express her mind fully.... But as two persons who have started from the source of a river along its different banks can, at first, clasp hands, then hold communication only with the voice, but ultimately lose sight of each other: so too are two beings ultimately separated by parting. "What of that?" you will say: "evidently they were not fated to be together...." But here comes in the difference between a man and a woman.

It signifies nothing to a man to begin a new life, to shake off the past; a woman cannot do that. No, she cannot cast aside her past, she cannot tear herself away from her roots--no, a thousand times no! And so, a pitiful and ridiculous spectacle presents itself.... Gradually losing hope and faith in herself,--you can form no idea of how painful that is,--she will pine away and fade alone, obstinately clinging to her memories, and turning away from everything which life around her offers.... And he?... Seek him! Where is he? And is it worth while for him to pause? What time has he for looking back? All this is a thing of the past for him, you see.

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Or here is another thing which happens: it sometimes happens that he will suddenly conceive a desire to meet the former object of his affections, he will even deliberately go to her.... But, my God! from what a motive of petty vain-glory he does it! In his polite compassion, in his counsels which are intended to be friendly, in his condescending explanations of the past, there is audible such a consciousness of his own superiority! It is so agreeable and cheerful a thing for him to let himself feel every minute how sensible and kind he is! And how little he understands what he is doing! How well he manages not even to guess at what is going on in the woman's heart, and how insultingly he pities her, if he does guess it!...

Tell me, please, whence are we to get the strength to endure all this? Remember this, too: in the majority of cases, a girl who, to her misfortune, has an idea beginning to stir in her head, when she begins to love and falls under the influence of a man, involuntarily separates herself from her family and from her acquaintances. Even previously she had not been satisfied with their way of life, yet she had walked on by their side, preserving in her soul all her intimate secrets.... But the breach soon becomes visible.... They cease to understand her, they are ready to suspect every movement of hers.... At first she pays no heed to this, but afterward, afterward... when she is left alone, when that toward which she had been striving and for which she had sacrificed everything escapes her grasp, when she has not attained heaven, but when every near thing, every possible thing, has retreated far from her--what shall uphold her?

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Sneers, hints, the vulgar triumph of coarse common sense she can still bear, in a way... but what is she to do, to what is she to have recourse, when the inward voice begins to whisper to her that all those people were right, and that she has been mistaken; that life, of whatever sort it may be, is better than dreams, as health is better than disease... when her favourite occupations, her favourite books, disgust her, the books from which one cannot extract happiness,--what, say you,--what shall uphold her? How is she to help succumbing in such a struggle? How is she to live and to go on living in such a wilderness? Confess herself vanquished, and extend her hand like a beggar to indifferent people? Will they not give her at least some of that happiness with which the proud heart once imagined it could dispense—all that is nothing yet! But to feel oneself ridiculous at the moment when one is shedding bitter, bitter tears... ah!

God forbid that you should go through that experience!...

My hands are trembling, and I am in a fever all over.... My face is burning hot. It is time for me to stop.... I shall send off this letter as speedily as as possible, while I am not ashamed of my weakness. But, for God's sake, not a word in your reply--do you hear me?--not a word of pity, or I will never write to you again. Understand me: I should not like to have you take this letter as the outpouring of a misunderstood soul which is making complaint.... Akh! it is all a matter of indifference to me! Farewell.

M.

## VIII

_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ ST. PETERSBURG, May 28, 1840.

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Marya Alexandrovna, you are a fine creature... indeed you are... your letter has revealed the truth to me at last! O Lord my God! what torture! A man constantly thinks that now he has attained simplicity, no longer shows off, puts on airs, or lies... but when you come to look at him more attentively, he has become almost worse than he was before. And this must be noted: the man himself, alone that is to say, will never attain to that consciousness, no matter how hard he tries! His eye will not discern his own defects, just as the blunted eye of the printer will not detect errors: another, a fresher eye is required. I thank you, Marya Alexandrovna.... You see, I am speaking to you about myself; I dare not speak of you.... Ah, how ridiculous my last letter seems to me now,--so eloquent and sentimental! Go on, I beg of you, with your confession; I have a premonition that you will be relieved thereby, and it will be of great benefit to me.

Not without cause does the proverb say: "A woman's wit is better than many thoughts"; and a woman's heart is far more so--God is my witness that it is so! If women only knew how much better, and more magnanimous, and clever--precisely that--clever they are than men, they would grow puffed up with pride, and get spoiled: but, fortunately, they do not know that; they do not know it because their thoughts have not become accustomed to returning incessantly to themselves, as have the thoughts of us men. They think little about themselves--that is their weakness and their strength; therein lies the whole secret--I will not say of our superiority, but of our power. They squander their souls, as a lavish heir squanders his father's gold, but we collect interest from every look.... How can they enter into rivalry with us?... All this is not flattery, but the simple truth, demonstrated by experience.

Again I entreat you, Marya Alexandrovna, to continue writing to me.... If only you knew all that comes into my mind!... But now I do not want to talk; I want to listen to you.... My speech will come later. Write, write.

Yours truly, A. S.

## IX

_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, June 12, 1840.

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No sooner had I despatched my last letter to you, Alexyéi Petróvitch, than I repented of it; but there was no help for it. One thing somewhat soothed me: I am convinced that you have understood under the influence of what long-suppressed feelings it was written, and have forgiven me. I did not even read over at the time what I had written to you; I remember that my heart was beating so violently that my pen trembled in my hand. However, although I probably should have expressed myself differently if I had given myself time to think it over, still I have no intention of disclaiming either my words or the feelings which I have imparted to you to the best of my ability. To-day I am much more cool-headed, and have far better control over myself....

I remember that toward the end of my letter I spoke about the painful situation of the young girl who recognises the fact that she is isolated even among her own people.... I will not enlarge further on that point, but rather will I communicate to you a few details; it seems to me that I shall bore you less in that way.

In the first place, you must know that throughout the whole countryside I am called nothing but "the female philosopher"; the ladies, in particular, allude to me by that name. Some assert that I sleep with a Latin book in my hands and wearing spectacles; others, that I know how to extract certain cubic roots or other mathematical calculations: not one of them harbors any doubt that I wear masculine attire in secret, and that instead of "good morning," I say abruptly: "Georges Sand!"--and indignation against "the female philosopher" is on the rise. We have a neighbor, a man of fifty-five, a great wit... at least, he has the reputation of being a great wit... and for him my poor person is an inexhaustible subject for ridicule.

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He has related, concerning me, that as soon as the moon rises in the sky, I cannot take my eyes from it, and he shows how I look; that I even drink coffee not with cream but with the moon, that is to say, I set my cup in its rays. He swears that I use phrases of the following nature: "That is easy because it is difficult; although, on the other hand, it is difficult because it is easy."... He declares that I am always seeking some word or other, always yearning "thither," and he inquires, with comic indignation: "Whither is thither? Whither?" He has also set in circulation about me a rumor to the effect that I ride by night on horseback back and forth through the ford of the river, singing the while Schubert's "Serenade," or simply moaning: "Beethoven, Beethoven!" as much as to say--"She's such a fiery old woman!" and so forth, and so forth. Of course, all this immediately reaches my ears.

Perhaps this may surprise you; but do not forget that four years have elapsed since you sojourned in these parts. Remember how everyone gazed askance at us then.... Now their turn has come. And all this is nothing. I sometimes happen to hear words that pierce my heart much more painfully. I will not mention the fact that my poor, good mother cannot possibly forgive me for your cousin's indifference; but my whole life runs through the fire, as my old nurse used to say. "Of course,"--I hear constantly--"how are we to keep up with thee? We are plain folks, we are guided only by common sense; but, after all, when one comes to think of it, to what have all these philosophizing and books and acquaintances with learned people brought thee?" Perhaps you remember my sister--not the one to whom you were formerly not indifferent, but the other, the elder one, who is married.

Her husband, you will remember, is a decidedly ridiculous man; you often used to make fun of him in those days. Yet she is happy: the mother of a family, she loves her husband, and her husband adores her.... "I am like all the rest,"--she says to me sometimes;--"but how about thee?" And she is right: I envy her....

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And nevertheless I feel that I should not like to change places with her. Let them call me "a female philosopher," "an eccentric," whatever they choose--I shall remain faithful to the end... to what?--to an ideal, pray? Yes, to an ideal. Yes, I shall remain faithful to the end to that which first made my heart beat--to that which I have acknowledged and do acknowledge to be the true, the good. If only my strength does not fail me, if only my idol does not prove to be a soulless block....

If you truly feel friendship for me, if you have truly not forgotten me, you must help me; you must dispel my doubts and strengthen my beliefs....

But what aid can you render me? "All this is nonsense, like the useless running of a squirrel on a wheel," my uncle said to me yesterday—I think you do not know him—a retired naval officer, and by no means a stupid man. "A husband, children, a pot of buckwheat groats: to tend husband and children, and look after the pot of groats—that's what a woman needs."... Tell me, he is right, is he not?

If he really is right, I can still repair the past, I can still fall into the common rut. What else is there for me to wait for? What is there to hope for? In one of your letters, you spoke of the wings of youth. How often, how long they remain fettered! And then comes a time when they fall off; and it is no longer possible to raise oneself above the earth, to soar heavenward. Write to me.

Yours, M.

## X

_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ ST. PETERSBURG, June 16, 1840.

I hasten to answer your letter, my dear Marya Alexandrovna. I will confess to you that if it were not for.... I will not say business--I have none--if it were not for my being so stupidly habituated to this place, I would go again to you and would talk my fill, but on paper all this comes out so coldly, in such a dead manner....

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I repeat to you, Marya Alexandrovna: women are better than men, and you ought to demonstrate that in deed. Let us men cast aside our convictions, like a worn-out garment, or barter them for a morsel of bread, or, in conclusion, let them fall into the sleep which knows no waking, and place over them, as over one formerly beloved, a tombstone, to which one goes only now and then to pray--let us men do all that; but do not you women be false to yourselves, do not betray your ideal.... That word has become ridiculous.... To be afraid of the ridiculous is not to love the truth. It does happen, it is true, that a stupid laugh will make the stupid man, even good people, renounce a great deal... take for example the defence of an absent friend.... I am guilty in that respect myself. But, I repeat it, you women are better than we are....

In trifles you are inclined to yield to us; but you understand better than we do how to look the devil straight in the eye. I shall give you neither aid nor advice--how can I? and you do not need it; but I do stretch forth my hand to you, and I do say to you: "Have patience; fight until the end; and know that, as a feeling, the consciousness of a battle honourably waged almost transcends the triumph of victory."... The victory does not depend on us.

Of course, from a certain point of view, your uncle is right: family life is everything for a woman; there is no other life for her.

But what does that prove? Only the Jesuits assert that every means is good, if only one attains his end. It is not true! not true! It is an indignity to enter a clean temple with feet soiled with the mire of the road. At the end of your letter there is a phrase which I do not like: you want to get into the common rut. Look out--do not make a misstep! Do not forget, moreover, that it is impossible to efface the past; and strive as you may, force yourself as you will, you cannot make yourself your sister. You have ascended above her. But your soul is broken, hers is intact. You can lower yourself, bend down to her, but nature will not resign her rights, and the broken place will not grow together again....

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You are afraid—let us speak without circumlocution—you are afraid of remaining an old maid. I know that you are already twenty-six years old. As a matter of fact, the position of old maids is not enviable: everyone so gladly laughs at them; everyone notes their oddities and their weaknesses with such unmagnanimous delight. But if you examine more closely any elderly bachelor—he deserves to have the finger of scorn pointed at him too—you will find in him cause to laugh your fill. What is to be done? Happiness is not to be captured by battle. But we must not forget that not happiness but human dignity is the chief goal of life.

You describe your position with great humour. I well understand all its bitterness; your position may, I am sure, be called tragic. But you must know that you are not the only one who finds herself in it: there is hardly any man of the present day who does not find himself in it too. You will say that that does not make it any the easier for you; but what I think is that to suffer in company with thousands is quite a different thing from suffering alone. It is not a question of egotism here, but of a feeling of universal necessity.

"All this is very fine, let us assume," you will say,... "but, in point of fact, it is not applicable to the case." Why is it not applicable? Up to the present day I think, and I hope that I shall never cease to think, that in God's world everything honest, good, and true is applicable, and sooner or later will be fulfilled; and not only will be fulfilled, but is already being fulfilled, if each one will only hold himself firmly in his place, will not lose patience, will not desire the impossible, but will act, so far as his strength permits. But I think I have given myself up too much to abstractions. I will defer the continuation of my arguments until another letter; but I do not wish to lay down my pen without having pressed your hand warmly, very warmly, and wished you, with all my soul, everything that is good on earth.

Yours, A. S. P.S. By the way, you say that you have nothing to look forward to, nothing to hope for; how do you know that, allow me to ask?

## XI

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_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, June 30, 1840.

How grateful I am to you for your letter, Alexyéi Petróvitch! How much good it has done me! I see that you really are a good and trustworthy man, and therefore I shall not dissimulate before you. I trust you. I know that you will not make a bad use of my frankness and that you will give me friendly advice. That is the point.

You noticed at the end of my letter a phrase which did not entirely please you. This is what it referred to. There is a neighbour here... he was not here in your day, and you have not seen him. He... I might marry him, if I wished; he is a man who is still young, cultured, wealthy. There are no obstacles on the side of my relatives; on the contrary, they--I know this for certain--desire this marriage; he is a fine man, and I think he loves me.... But he is so languid and petty, all his desires are so narrow, that I cannot help recognising my superiority over him; he feels this, and seems to take delight in it, and precisely that repels me from him; I cannot respect him, although he has an excellent heart. What am I to do, tell me? Think for me and write me your opinion sincerely.

But how grateful I am to you for your letter!... Do you know, I have sometimes been visited by such bitter thoughts.... Do you know, I have gone so far as almost to feel ashamed of every--I will not say exalted--but of every trustful feeling. I shut my book in vexation when it spoke of hope and happiness; I turned away from the cloudless sky, from the fresh verdure of the trees, from everything that smiled and was glad. What a painful condition this was! I say "was"... as though it had passed!

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I do not know whether it has passed; I know that if it does not return I shall be indebted to you for it. You see, Alexey Petrovich, how much good you have done, perhaps without yourself suspecting it! Now, in the very heart of summer, the days are magnificent, the sky is blue, bright.... It cannot be more beautiful in Italy. But you are sitting in a stifling and dusty town, you are walking on the scorching pavements. What possesses you to do it? You ought, at least, to move to a villa somewhere. They say that beyond Peterhof, on the seashore, there are charming places.

I would like to write more to you, but it is impossible: such a sweet perfume has wafted up to me from the garden that I cannot remain in the house. I shall put on my hat and go for a stroll.... Farewell until another time, kind Alexey Petrovich.

Yours truly, M. B. P.S. I forgot to tell you... just imagine: that wit, of whom I recently wrote you—just imagine: he has made me a declaration of love, and in the most fiery terms! At first I thought that he was making fun of me; but he ended up with a formal proposal. What do you think of that, after all his calumnies? But he is positively too old. Last night, to pique him, I sat down at the piano in front of the open window in the moonlight, and played Beethoven. It was so delightful to me to feel its cold light on my face, so consolatory to send forth into the perfumed night air the noble sounds of music, athwart which, at times, the song of the nightingale was audible! It is a long time since I have been so happy, but please write to me concerning the thing I asked you about at the beginning of my letter: it is very important.

## XII

_From Alexey Petrovich to Marya Alexandrovna_ ST. PETERSBURG, July 8, 1840.

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My dear Marya Alexandrovna, here is my opinion in two words: throw both the old bachelor and the young suitor overboard! There is no use in deliberating over this. Neither of them is worthy of you--that is as clear as that twice two are four. The young neighbor may be a good man, but I throw him over! I am convinced that you and he have nothing in common, and you can imagine how cheerful it would be to live together! And why be in a hurry? Is it possible that a woman like you--I have no intention of paying compliments, and therefore will not enlarge further--that such a woman as you should not meet someone who will know how to appreciate her? No, Marya Alexandrovna; heed me if you really think that my advice is beneficial.

But confess that you found it pleasant to behold that old calumniator at your feet!... If I had been in your place, I would have made him sing Beethoven's "Adelaida" the whole night through, staring at the moon the while.

But God be with them, with your admirers! It is not of them that I wish to talk with you today. I am in a sort of half-irritated, half-agitated condition today, as the result of a letter which I received yesterday. I send you a copy of it. This letter was written by one of my very old friends and comrades in the service, a kind-hearted but rather narrow-minded man. A couple of years ago he went abroad, and up to the present he has not written to me a single time. Here is his letter. N.B. He is very far from being bad-looking. "_Dear Alexis_: "I am in Naples. I am sitting in my chamber on the Chiaja, by the window. The weather is wonderful. At first I gazed for a long time at the sea, then impatience seized on me, and the brilliant idea of writing a letter to thee occurred to me. I have always felt an affection for thee, my dear friend—Heaven is my witness that I have! And now I should like to pour myself into thy bosom....

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I believe that is the way it is expressed in our elevated language. And the reason I have been seized with impatience is that I am expecting a woman; together we shall go to Baiæ to eat oysters and oranges, to watch the dark-brown shepherds in red nightcaps dance the tarantella, to broil ourselves in the sunshine, to watch the lizards—in a word, to enjoy life to the full. My dear friend, I am so happy that I am unable to express it to thee. If I possessed thy power with the pen, oh, what a picture I would draw before thine eyes! But, unfortunately, as thou knowest, I am an illiterate man.

"I must tell thee that I have known her for the last three months, and ever since the very first day of our acquaintance, my love has gone on crescendo, in the shape of a chromatic scale, ever higher and higher, and at the present moment it has already attained to the seventh heaven. I am jesting, but, as a matter of fact, my attachment to that woman is something extraordinary, supernatural. Just imagine: I hardly ever talk with her, but I stare at her incessantly and laugh. I sit at her feet; I feel that I am frightfully stupid and happy, simply unlawfully happy. It sometimes happens that she lays her hand on my head.... And then, I must tell thee... but thou canst not understand it; for thou art a philosopher, and hast been a philosopher all thy life. Her name is Nina, Ninetta--as thou wilt; she is the daughter of a wealthy merchant here.

Beautiful as all thy Raphaels; lively as powder, blithe, so clever that it is positively amazing that she should have fallen in love with such a fool as myself; she sings like a bird, and her eyes-- "Forgive me, pray, for this involuntary tirade.... I thought the door creaked.... No, the rogue has not come yet! Thou wilt ask me how all this is going to end, and what I mean to do with myself, and whether I shall remain here long. I know nothing, and wish to know nothing, about that, my dear fellow. What is to be will be.... For if one is to pause and reason constantly....

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"'Tis she!... She is running up the stairs and singing.... She has come.... Well, good-by, my dear fellow.... I'm in no mood for thee. Pardon me--it is she who has spattered this letter all over: she struck the paper with her damp nosegay." At first she thought I was writing to a woman; but as soon as she found out that it was to a male friend, she bade me give you her compliments, and inquire whether there are any flowers in your country, and whether they are fragrant. Well, good-bye.... If you could only hear how she laughs!... Silver rings just like that: and what goodness in every sound!--One fairly wants to kiss her feet. Let us go, let us go! Be not angry at this untidy scrawl, and envy thy-- M..."

The letter was actually splattered with ink, and exhaled an odour of orange blossoms... two white petals had adhered to the paper. This letter has excited me.... I have called to mind my sojourn in Naples.... The weather was magnificent then also; May was only just beginning; I had recently completed my twenty-second year; but I did not know any Ninetta. I roamed about alone, consumed with a thirst for bliss, which was both painful and sweet,--sweet to the point where it itself bore a sort of resemblance to bliss.... What a thing it is to be young!...

I remember I once went out for a row on the bay at night. There were two of us: the boatman and I... but what was it you thought? What a night it was, and what a sky, what stars--how they trembled and crumbled in the waves! With what a liquid flame did the water flow over and flash up under the oars, what perfume was wafted all over the sea--it is not for me to describe, however "eloquent" my pen may be. A French ship of the line lay at anchor in the roadstead. It glowed obscurely red all over with lights; long streaks of red light, the reflection of the illuminated windows, stretched across the dark sea. Merry music reached me in occasional bursts; I recall, in particular, the trill of a small flute amid the dull blaring of the horns; it seemed to flutter like a butterfly around my boat. I ordered the man to row to the ship; twice we made the circuit of it.

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Women's forms flitted past the windows, borne smartly past on the whirlwind of the waltz.... I ordered the boatman to put off, far away, straight out into the darkness.... I remember that the sounds pursued me long and importunately.... At last they died away. I stood up in the boat and stretched out my arms over the sea in the dumb pain of longing.... Oh, how my heart ached then! How oppressive was my loneliness! With what joy would I have given myself at that moment wholly, wholly... wholly, if only there had been anyone to whom to give myself! With what a bitter feeling in my soul did I fling myself, face down, in the bottom of the boat and, like Repetíloff, request him to take me somewhere or other!

But my friend here experienced nothing of that sort. And why should he? He has managed matters much more cleverly than I did. He is living... while I... not without cause has he called me a philosopher.... 'Tis strange! You, too, are called a philosopher.... Why should such a calamity overtake us?...

I am not living.... But who is to blame for that? Why do I sit here in Petersburg? What am I doing here? Why do I kill day after day? Why don't I go to the country? Aren’t our steppes beautiful? Or can one not breathe freely in them? Or is it stifling in them? What possesses me to pursue dreams, when, perchance, happiness is within my reach? It is settled: I am going away, I am going away tomorrow, if possible; I am going home, that is, to you—it is all the same: for we live only twenty versts apart. What’s the use, after all, in languishing here? And why is it that this idea did not occur to me earlier? My dear Márya Alexándrovna, we shall soon meet. But it is remarkable that this thought did not enter my head until this moment! I ought to have gone away long, long ago. Farewell until we meet, Márya Alexándrovna.

July 9th.

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I have deliberately given myself twenty-four hours to think it over, and now I am definitively convinced that there is no reason why I should remain here. The dust in the streets is so biting that it makes one's eyes ache. Today I shall begin to pack; on the day after tomorrow, probably, I shall leave here; and ten days hence I shall have the pleasure of seeing you. I hope you will receive me as of old. By the way—your sister is still visiting your aunt, is she not?

Allow me, Márya Alexándrovna, to press your hand warmly, and to say to you from my soul: farewell until a speedy meeting. I was preparing to leave in any case, but this letter has precipitated my intention. Let us assume that this letter proves nothing; let we even assume that Ninetta would not please anyone else—me, for example. Yet I am going, all the same; there is no doubt about that. Farewell for the present.

Yours sincerely, A. S.

## XIII

_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, July 16, 1840.

You are coming here; you will soon be with us, won’t you, Alexey Petrovich? I won’t hide from you that this news delights and excites me.... How will we meet? Will the spiritual bond that, it seems to me, has already begun to unite us be preserved? Won’t it be broken when we meet? I don’t know; I am apprehensive, for one reason or another. I won’t answer your last letter, although I could say a great deal; I will defer all that until we meet. My mother is greatly delighted at your coming.... She has been aware that I have been corresponding with you. The weather is enchanting. We will walk a great deal; I will show you the new places I have discovered... One long, narrow valley is particularly nice: it lies between hillocks covered with forest.... It seems to be hidden in their curves. A tiny brook winds its way along it and can barely force its way through the grass and flowers.... You shall see.

Come: perhaps you won’t find it tedious.

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M. B. P.S. You will not see my sister, I think: she is still visiting my aunt. I believe (this is between ourselves) that she will marry a very amiable young man--an officer. Why did you send me that letter from Naples? Life here necessarily seems dim and pale in comparison with that luxury and that brilliance. But Mademoiselle Ninetta is wrong: flowers grow and are fragrant--even here.

## XIV

_From Márya Alexándrovna to Alexyéi Petróvitch_ VILLAGE OF... NO, January, 1841.

I have written to you several times, Alexey Petrovich.... You have not answered me. Are you alive? Or perhaps our correspondence has begun to bore you; perhaps you have found for yourself a more agreeable diversion than the letters of a rustic young lady can afford you? Evidently you called me to mind for lack of something to do. If that is the case, I wish you happiness. If you do not answer me this time, I shall not trouble you again; there will be nothing left for me to do but to regret my imprudence, that I have unnecessarily allowed myself to be roused up, have offered my hand and emerged, if only for a moment, from my isolated nook. I ought to remain in it forever, lock myself in--that is my portion, the portion of all old maids. I ought to accustom myself to that thought. There is no necessity for coming out into God's sunlight, no necessity for craving fresh air, when the lungs will not bear it.

By the way, we are now blocked up with dead drifts of snow. I shall be more sensible henceforth.... People do not die of boredom, but it is possible to perish with melancholy, I suppose. If I am mistaken, prove it to me. But I think I am not mistaken. In any case, farewell. I wish you happiness.

M. B.

## XV

_From Alexey Petrovich to Maria Alexandrovna_ DRESDEN, September, 1842.

I write to you, my dear Maria Alexandrovna, and I write only because I do not wish to die without having taken leave of you, and without having recalled myself to your mind. I am condemned by the doctors... and I myself feel that my life is drawing to a close.

On my table stands a rose; before it fades I shall be no more. But that comparison is not quite just. The rose is far more interesting than I am.

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# book_title: A Correspondence
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As you see, I am abroad. I have been in Dresden for six months. I received your last letters--I am ashamed to confess: I lost several of them more than a year ago, and did not answer you.... I will tell you presently why. But, evidently, you have always been dear to me: with the exception of yourself, there is no one of whom I wish to take leave, and perhaps I have no one to whom I could bid farewell.

Soon after my last letter to you (I was quite ready to set out for your parts, and was making various plans in advance), there happened to me an episode which had, I may say, a strong influence on my fate,--so strong that here I am, dying, thanks to that event. To wit: I set out for the theatre, to see the ballet. I have never liked the ballet, and have always felt a secret disgust for all sorts of actresses, singers, and dancers.... But, obviously, one cannot change his fate, neither does any one know himself, and it is also impossible to foresee the future. In point of fact, nothing happens in life except the unexpected, and we do nothing all our life long but adjust ourselves to events.... But I believe I am drifting into philosophy again. Old habit!... In a word, I fell in love with a dancer.

This was all the more strange because she could not be called a beauty. She had, it is true, wonderful golden hair, with an ash tinge, and large, bright eyes, with a pensive and, at the same time, a bold glance.... Haven't I cause to know the expression of that glance? I pined and languished for a whole year in its rays! She had a splendid figure, and when she danced her folkdance, the spectators used to stamp and shout with rapture.... But I do not think anyone besides myself fell in love with her--at any rate, no one fell in love with her as I did.

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# book_title: A Correspondence
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From the very minute that I beheld her for the first time--(will you believe it? all I have to do even now is to shut my eyes, and immediately here stands before me the theatre, the almost empty stage, representing the interior of a forest, and she runs out from behind the side-scenes on the right, with a wreath of vine-leaves on her head and a tiger-skin over her shoulders)--from that fatal minute I belonged to her wholly,--just as a dog belongs to his master; and if now, when I am dying, I do not belong to her, it is merely because she has cast me off.

To tell the truth, she never troubled herself especially about me. She barely noticed me, although she good-naturedly made use of my money. I was for her, as she expressed it in her broken French jargon, "_oun Rousso buon enfan_,"--and nothing more. But I... I could no longer live anywhere where she was not; I tore myself at one wrench from all that was dear to me, from my native land itself, and set out in pursuit of that woman.

Perhaps you think that she was clever?--Not in the least! It sufficed to cast a glance at her low brow, it sufficed to note, if only once, her lazy, heedless smile, in order instantly to convince one's self as to the paucity of her mental abilities. And I never imagined her to be a remarkable woman. On the whole, I did not deceive myself for a single minute about her. But that did not help matters in the least. Whatever I thought of her in her absence, in her presence I felt nothing but servile adoration.... In the German fairy tales the knights often fall into that sort of stupor. I could not tear my eyes from her features; I could not hear enough of her remarks, or sufficiently watch every movement of hers; to tell the truth, I actually breathed to her breathing. However, she was good-natured, unconstrained--too unconstrained even; she did not put on airs, as the majority of artists do.

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# book_title: A Correspondence
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She had a great deal of life, that is, a great deal of blood, of that splendid Southern blood, into which the sun of their land must have dropped a portion of his rays. She slept nine hours a day, was fond of good eating, never read a single line of print, unless, perhaps, the articles in the newspapers in which she was mentioned, and almost the sole tender sentiment in her life was her attachment to il signore Carlino, a small and greedy Italian who served as her secretary and whom she afterward married. And with such a woman as this, I, who have tasted so many varied intellectual subtleties, I, already an old man, could fall in love! Who could have expected it? I certainly never expected it. I did not anticipate the part I would be compelled to play.

I did not expect that I would haunt rehearsals, freeze and get bored behind the scenes, inhale the stench of the theatre, make acquaintance with various unseemly individuals... what am I saying?--make acquaintance--bow to them. I had not expected that I would carry a dancer's shawl, buy new gloves for her, clean her old ones with white bread (but I did it, I swear it!), cart home her bouquets, run about to the anterooms of journalists and directors, wear myself out, give serenades, catch a cold, lose my strength.... I had not expected that I would eventually acquire, in a certain little German town, the ingenious nickname of "_der Kunst-barbar_."... And all this in vain--in the fullest sense of the word, in vain! There, that is precisely the state of the case....

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Do you remember how you and I, orally and by letter, argued about love, into what subtleties we entered? And when it is put to the proof, it turns out that real love is a feeling not at all resembling that which we imagined it to be. Love is not even a feeling at all; it is a malady, a well-known condition of the soul and body. It does not develop gradually; there is no possibility of doubting it; one cannot dodge it, although it does not always manifest itself in identically the same fashion. It generally takes possession of a man without being invited, suddenly, against his will--precisely like the cholera or a fever.... It grips him, the dear creature, as a hawk does a chicken; and it will carry him off whithersoever it wishes, struggle and resist as he may.... In love there is no equality, no so-called free union of souls and other ideal things, invented at their leisure by German professors....

No; in love one person is the slave, the other is the sovereign, and not without cause do the poets prate of the chains imposed by love. Yes, love is a chain, and the heaviest of chains at that. At all events, I have arrived at that conviction, and have reached it by the path of experience. I have purchased that conviction at the price of my life, because I am dying a slave.

Alas, what a fate is mine! one thinks. In my youth I was resolutely determined to conquer heaven for myself.... Later on, I fell to dreaming about the welfare of all mankind, the prosperity of my fatherland. Then that passed off: I thought only of how I might arrange my domestic, my family life... and I tripped over an ant-hill--and flop! I went headlong to the ground, and into the grave.... What master hands we Russians are at winding up in that fashion!

However, it is high time for me to turn away from all this,--it was time long ago! May this burden fall from my soul along with my life! I wish for the last time, if only for a moment, to enjoy that good, gentle feeling which diffuses within me like a tranquil light as soon as I call you to mind.

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# book_title: A Correspondence
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Your image is now doubly dear to me.... Along with it, the image of my native land surges up before me, and I waft to it and to you my last greeting. Live on, live long and happily, and remember one thing: whether you remain in that remote nook of the steppes, where you sometimes find things so painful, but where I should so like to spend my/my last day, or whether you shall enter on another career, remember: life fails to disappoint only him who does not meditate on it, and, demanding nothing from it, calmly accepts its sparse gifts, and calmly makes use of them. Go forward, while you/while you can: but when your feet fail you,--sit down near the road, and gaze at the passers-by without vexation and without envy: for they will not go far! I have said this to you before, but death will teach any man whatsoever; moreover, who shall say what is life, what is truth? Remember _who_ it was that gave no answer to this question....

Farewell, Márya Alexándrovna; farewell for the last time, and bear no ill will to poor-- ALEXYÉI.